Tiempos Verbales: Presente y Pasado Simple

Presente Simple

Es utilizado para hablar acerca de hechos, cosas que ocurren una y otra vez, acuerdos o eventos programados, acciones n el presente seguidas por otras e instrucciones. Ej.

I live in Kenya. The sun rises in the East.	A fact.
He watches TV every night.	Happen again and again.
The plane flies to London every Monday.	fixed arrangements, scheduled events
First I get up, then I have breakfast.	Actions in the present - one follows after the other
Open your books at page 34.	Instructions

En oraciones afirmativas, se utiliza la forma simple del verbo con I, you, we, they. Ej.

We live en Redmond.

They have a house in Seattle.

A los verbos que terminen en “o” después de una consonante se les agrega –es al infinitivo; ejemplo:

I go - he goes
I do - he does

A los verbos que terminen en “ch, sh, s, x o z” se les agrega –es a la forma infinitiva; ejemplo:

I watch - he watches

I crash – he crashes
I pass - he passes

I fix – he fixes

I buzz – he buzzes

A los verbos que terminan en –y se les agrega –s cuando son precedidos por una vocal (a, e, i, o, u). ejemplo:
                                               I play - he plays

A los verbos que terminan en –y precedidos por una consonante, la  –y cambia a 'ies'. Ejemplo:
                                                I hurry - he hurries 

Para formar oraciones negativas, se utiliza el auxiliar do not o does not  más la forma base del verbo. Usualmente, la forma negativa del auxiliar puede ser contraida como don’t o doesn’t  de manera informal. Ej.

He does not read a book. She does not watch TV at night. They do not do her homework after class.

He doesn’t read a book. She doesn’t watch TV at night. They don’t do her homework after class.

Para realizar preguntas se utilizan los auxiliares Do y Does al principio de las mismas; estos auxiliares solo se utilizan en preguntas y oraciones NEGATIVAS nunca en la forma positiva de la oración. Cuando utilizamos el auxiliar Do el verbo permanece en su forma base. Ahora, cuando utilizamos el auxiliar Does al verbo se le quita la –es y se deja en su forma simple.

             Do I/we/you/they play football?                 Does he/she/it play football?

Adverbios de Frecuencia

Los adverbios de frecuencia denotan cuan frecuente pasa algo. Loas adverbios de frecuencia, usualmente preceden a los verbos en una oración; a excepción del verbo to be donde los mismos deben ser ubicados después del verbo.

  

Always       Usually         Often       Sometimes         Rarely        never

_______________________________________________________________

100% of the time                                                                                          0% of the time

Otros verbos	Verbo “be”
He usually goes to a fast-food place. It always rains on weekends.	I’m usually tired in the morning. The food at that restaurant is never very good.

Los adverbios usually y sometimes también  pueden ser colocados al principio o al final de una oración. Ej.

I usually get up at 6 o’clock. Usually I get up at 6 o’clock. I get up at 6 o’clock, usually.

I sometimes skip breakfast. Sometimes I skip breakfast. I skip breakfast, sometimes.

Pasado simple

El pasado simple es usado para:

¨     Una acción terminada en el pasado:

I visited Berlin last week.
Andrew watched TV yesterday.

¨     Serie de acciones completadas en el pasado:

First I got up, then I had breakfast.

¨     Junto con el pasado progresivo (El pasado simple interrumpió la acción que estaba en progreso)

They were playing cards when the telephone rang.
1st action: Past Progressive were playing
2nd action: Simple Past rang

Palabras claves del pasado simple

Las palabras claves indican cual tiempo utilizar. Para el pasado simple utiliza las siguientes expresiones:

Yesterday          A month ago       Last week     In 2002

Oraciones afirmativas:

Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo todo el tiempo sin importar el sujeto.

regular verbs	irregular verbs
I played football.	I went to the supermarket.

Oraciones negativas:

Se utiliza el auxiliar did (pasado simple de do) todo el tiempo sin importar el sujeto.

regular verbs	irregular verbs
I did not play football.	I did not go to the supermarket.

regular verbs	irregular verbs
I didn't play football.	I didn't go to the supermarket.

Preguntas:

Se utiliza el auxiliar did (pasado simple de do) todo el tiempo sin importar el sujeto

regular verbs	irregular verbs
Did you play football?	Did I go to the supermarket?

                                         Lista de Verbos Irregulares:

infinitive	simple past	past participle
be	was/were	been
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
break	broke	broken
bring	brought	brought
buy	bought	bought
choose	chose	chosen
come	came	come
do	did	done
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
feel	felt	felt
find	found	found
forget	forgot	forgotten
get	got	got, gotten (AE)
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
have	had	had
know	knew	known
leave	left	left
read	read	read
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
speak	spoke	spoken
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
write	wrote	written

                                                  Lista de Verbos Regulares:

1	INFINITIVE	2	PAST	3	PARTICIPLE	CASTELLANO
admit		admitted		admitted		admitir
ban		banned		banned		prohibir
beg		begged		begged		rogar
cry		cried		cried		gritar, llorar
drop		dropped		dropped		dejar caer, caerse
dry		dried		dried		secar
empty		emptied		emptied		vaciar
hug		Hugged		hugged		abrazar
hurry		Hurried		hurried		apurarse
Identify		identified		Identified		identificar
label		Labelled		labelled		etiquetar
marry		married		Married		casarse
Multiply		multiplied		multiplied		multiplicar
plan		planned		planned		planear, planificar
Plug		plugged		Plugged		conectar
Prefer		Preferred		preferred		preferir
Program		Programmed		Programmed		programar
Regret		regretted		regretted		lamentarse
rely		relied		relied		confiar
reply		replied		replied		responder
rob		robbed		Robbed		robar
Satisfy		Satisfied		Satisfied		satisfacer
shop		Shopped		Shopped		comprar
slip		slipped		slipped		deslizarse
Stop		stopped		Stopped		pararse, detenerse
Travel		Travelled		Travelled		viajar
try		tried		tried		tratar, intentar
worry		worried		worried		preocuparse